A five-year study published in the January 15, 2002 issue of the American Journal of Cardiology shows that heart patients may benefit from stress management. One group of 94 subjects were men with heart disease who went through training that taught them ways to control negative thoughts and emotions and other stress reducing techniques including muscle relaxation. During the course of the study, the men receiving the training in stress-reduction were less likely to need a heart procedure (like bypass or angioplasty); they also had lower doctors’ costs and lower hospitalization costs over the five-year period of the study.